Into the Valley we must go...

Following seasons of spiritual blessing or triumph, we can often find ourselves in times of particular vulnerability. Such seasons are part of our pilgrimage, and come to us in the providence of our God. Testing and trial are the path to spiritual maturity. As Bunyan writes elsewhere, ‘I hear there are lands where the harvest is poor because they have no winters’. One of the most important things to realise is that it is the Narrow Path that Christian has been instructed to follow that leads him through the Valley of Humiliation. Sometimes we meet problems and opposition on the way as a result of our sin… other times as a result of the Lord’s will, and it takes great wisdom to discern which is which.

Bunyan gives us some clues: Christian is told of other another pilgrim who has passed through the same Valley, who is tellingly named Faithful; he is accompanied by others (Discretion, Piety, Charity and Prudence) who encourage Christian and whose counsel is designed to strengthen him for the trials ahead; he is given sustenance by them; he is pre-emptively warned of the dangers of this part of the journey; he has been taught how to fight and to secure victory. Through the testing that lies ahead, Christian will grow, and make progress in his pilgrimage. There is also the question of timing. It is important to remember that early on in his pilgrimage, when Christian is spiritually immature, he is protected from his enemy. Goodwill had pulled him in through the Gate, so that he wouldn’t be exposed to the arrows shot from Beelzebub’s Castle. Christian is not exposed to such testing until the Lord knows he is ready.

‘So he went on, and Apollyon met him’. It is, initially, a war of words - indeed it is one of the longest dialogue sections in the whole book, which is telling in itself. Apollyon is aptly named; Destroyer (Rev.9:11). There is no real subtlety about his purpose. He seeks to ruin Christian’s faith, and to bring ruin to his pilgrimage. He seeks to do so by first calling into question the validity of Christian’s conversion at all, reminding Christian of where he came from and claiming he still has jurisdiction. He seeks to bribe, promising all this world can give if he will simply desist his pilgrimage; he makes sure Christian is aware of others who have started out on the Narrow Way before turning aside, hoping to undermine Christian’s faith by the hypocrisy of others. He threatens Christian with the hardships that lie ahead should he press on, the prospect of rejection, suffering, loss and possibly even martyrdom; he assaults Christian’s confidence by questioning his motives and by reminding him of how often has already failed in his discipleship, calling into question whether Christ would still own him.

And when all these schemes and strategies failed, Apollyon ‘broke out into a grievous rage’. When such diabolical reasoning proves insufficient to his purpose, the Destroyer turns to less sophisticated methods: Brute force, bullying and intimidation. Temptation to sin (the flaming darts), and threat of physical harm (‘…prepare thyself to die’). Christian is wounded in his head, hand and foot. He gives back a little. The combat is relentless and protracted. Toward the end, ‘Christian was almost quite spent … and by reason of his wounds must needs grow weaker and weaker’.

But the moment when Christian is in most danger is when during ‘a dreadful fall … Christian’s sword flew out of hand. Then Apollyon said, I am sure of thee now. And with that he had almost pressed him to death; so that Christian began to despair of life…’.

Remember that the sword represents the Word of God. As soon as the Destroyer of our souls can cause us to lose our grip on Scripture - to remain ignorant of it, to forget it, to doubt and disbelieve it, to be critical or dismissive of it, to stand in judgement on it - he is on the verge of achieving his ends.

How can Christian stand?

A Prayer for time of battle:

O Lord my God, you are my fortress, my refuge, my shield and my strength. Fight for me and my foes must flee; uphold me and I cannot fall; strengthen me and I stand unmoved and unmoveable; equip me and I shall receive no wound; stand by me and I shall stand while Satan must flee; anoint my lips with a song of salvation and I shall shout your victory.

Give me an abhorrence of all evil. Teach me to look to Jesus on His cross, and so to know sin’s loathsomeness in your sight.

There is no pardon but through your Son’s death; no cleansing but by His precious blood; no atonement but his to expiate evil. Show me the shame, the agony of the incarnate God; that I may read boundless guilt in the boundless price.

May I discern the deadly viper in its true guise; tear it with holy indignation from my heart; resolutely turn from every snare.

Blessed Lord Jesus, at your cross, may I be taught the awful miseries from which I am saved … Then may I cling more closely to your broken Self, hold to you with firmer faith, be devoted to you with total being; detest sin as strongly as your love to me is strong; And may holiness be the atmosphere in which I live.

…taken from The Valley of Vision, Conflict.

Suit up

We are on the threshold of one of the most famous and dramatic junctures of the Pilgrim’s Progress: Christian’s clash with Apollyon in the Valley of Humiliation. Knowing what lies ahead, Watchful will not walk him to the gate until he is dressed for battle. They take him again to the Armoury, and ‘harness him from head to foot with what was of proof’. Bunyan draws on the powerful imagery found in Eph.6, which is worth re-reading in full:

…put on the full armour of God, so that when the day of evil comes, you may be able to stand your ground, and after you have done everything, to stand. Stand firm then, with the belt of truth buckled around your waist, with the breastplate of righteousness in place, and with your feet fitted with the readiness that comes from the gospel of peace. In addition to all this, take up the shield of faith, with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. Take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. And pray in the Spirit on all occasions with all kinds of prayers and requests.

Indeed, this is such a powerful passage, and Bunyan’s portrayal of it is so vivid, that the ‘armour of God’ has taken on an almost mystical quality in popular Christianity. This is in part due to our lack of experience in actual spiritual warfare. Our lack of understanding has created a vacuum, that has allowed sometimes quite bizarre ideas to take root.

Paul (and later, Bunyan) have something much less picturesque in mind. In big picture terms, Paul is making two key points in Eph.6. The first is that the disciple of Christ is to be ‘dressed’ in Christ. Paul is NOT drawing his imagery from the Roman soldiers he is chained to. He is drawing on the ancient writings of Isaiah, and showing how we must put on Christ (something he exhorted us to in Eph.4:24). What does it look like to ‘put on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness’? God’s holiness is portrayed in battle imagery throughout Isaiah: belt (Is.11:5); breastplate (Is.59:17); feet ready to proclaim the Gospel (Is.52:7); helmet (Is.59:17); shield (Is.31:5); Sword (Is.49:2). Paul is at times quoting Isaiah word for word! This also helps us with Christian’s [Bunyan’s] concern that ‘he had no armour for his back’. Is.58:8, the glory of the Lord will be your rear guard. There are, after all times when it is entirely appropriate to flee temptations and evil desires (e.g. I Cor.6:18 & 10:14; I Tim.6:11; II Tim.2:22)

The second point is that Paul is teaching us about what must characterise us if we are to stand against the devil’s schemes. Over the years I’ve stumbled across various ideas about ‘putting on the armour’. But I think Paul is teaching something much less esoteric. If we want to stay faithful to Christ in the midst of the struggles of life, we need to be people who are well versed in and committed to the truth of Scripture (so that we can recognise false teaching, and the lies of Satan. It is the knowledge of the truth that leads to Godliness, Titus 1:2); be those who have cultivated righteous character and who know how to resist the temptations that come from Satan and the world, and our own evil desires; we need to be those actively engaged in sharing our faith; those whose faith is settled and consistent, and who are secure in their salvation. We need to be those characterised by prayer in all circumstances.

A pilgrim shaped by such holy habits is less likely to fall into sin, to be lead astray, to be plagued by doubt and insecurity. They will know and trust the Lord even in the face of suffering and in the midst of struggle. They will not be distracted by the temptations around and within. They will not be deceived by competing visions of God, or understandings of what it means to be human. They will not be debased by patterns of addictive or uncontrollable sin. They will not be defeated by the spiritual schemes and aggression arrayed against them.

They will, in short, ‘stand’. Others won’t. Indeed, if we aren’t adorned in such characteristics, we have already fallen.

Questions to ponder:

How much is the militancy of Christian discipleship a feature of your spirituality? How does that find expression?

Where do you find support as you seek to ‘put on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness’? How do you support others in this quest? How could you do so today?

A good Church these days is hard to find...

Bunyan isn’t ready to have Christian leave the Beautiful Palace yet. He has much more to teach us about the place of Church and Fellowship in the experience of a Pilgrim. There are at least 5 other dynamics of Church life for a Pilgrim to enjoy.

The first is at a table. It is unclear exactly what Bunyan has in mind. Does he intend to portray a Church family sharing life and enjoying a meal together, feasting while ‘all their talk at the table was about the Lord’? This is the very least that is conveyed, and blessed is the Church family that has such moments built into its life together (Acts 2:46). Others have wondered if Bunyan has something more specific in mind: the Church gathering at the Lord’s table for Communion? One scholar suggests: The meal at Palace Beautiful represents the fellowship that believers share together in Christ, especially in the regular observance of the Lord's Supper. Certainly the focus of the conversation is on Christ’s humbling Himself, and being obedient, even to death on a cross… If this was Bunyan’s intention, it would answer one of the most commonly voiced concerns about the Pilgrim’s Progress: it’s almost total lack of reference to the Sacraments (Baptism and Communion) which are so necessary for us in our pilgrimage.

The second is Peace & Refreshment. Our communion with the saints should leave us feeling re-assured, and confident in our discipleship, and at rest with God and His people. Many of Paul’s letters to the Churches begin with reference to peace, and our association with the people of God should leave us feeling refreshed. Our attempts to find rest without reference to the Church would have struck Bunyan as odd. And our loss of the Lord’s Day as a Day of Rest, in which we make the time for sustained fellowship with Church family would have grieved him. He would have seen that as something that weakened us in our pilgrimage.

Third is the teaching and preaching ministry of the Church. Unsurprisingly, this is rooted in the Scriptures, the ‘records of greatest antiquity’ that hold forth Jesus as Lord. Being taught from Scripture, by the Spirit, has already been a feature of Christian’s pilgrimage (at the House of the Interpreter), and here again Christian is told he must not depart till he has been taught from the recorded acts of Christ. But Bunyan also thinks that the history of the Church since the Apostles is worthy of our ‘study’. This is disputed, and some readers of Pilgrim’s Progress think Bunyan history Christian studies here is reference to the Acts of the Apostles. I’m not so sure. Bunyan has Christian exposed to ‘things ancient and modern’ which suggests something more contemporary. Bunyan believed that the persecution of the Church through the ages (which he was experiencing in a very direct way as he wrote in his prison cell) was prophetically anticipated in the Scriptures; and as Christians we are encouraged and instructed through the lives of those who have walked the narrow path before us.

The next day, Christian is lead to the armoury. It might surprise us that this Palace of rest, and peace, fellowship and teaching is also a house of war. But the militant aspect of pilgrimage, our fight against sin, the world and devil, is one Bunyan is about to give some attention to. Christian isn’t yet armed, but he is shown ‘the weapons of our warfare’ (II Cor.10:4), begins to be instructed in their use, and is re-assured of the victories His Lord has wrought through them.

And still he is not allowed to leave. Christian’s impatience to go forth is noteworthy, but dangerous. This is a common mistake made by us pilgrims. We think we know more than we do, that we have made more progress than we have, that we are more ready to face the dangers of discipeship than we are. ‘They desired him to stay till the next day also…’, and mercifully he consented. As a result, he is granted a vision of the ‘Delectable Mountains’. ‘They said it was Immanuel’s Land; and it is as common, said they, as this hill is, to and for all the pilgrims’. Christian is encouraged by a vision of a more mature discipleship, the promise of deepening intimacy with God, joy and growing delight in our King.

Whilst Christian is almost ready to press on, Bunyan isn’t suggesting that we can leave any of this behind. We never outgrow our need of, or our delight in, the Church’s ministry to us. These are consistent features in the life of any ‘Christian’ and to the extent we leave them behind, we fall behind on our pilgrimage.

Questions to ponder:

To what extent do you prioritise worship and fellowship with the Chruch on the Lord’s Day? How could you re-arrange your diary to give these things the precedence they should have?

How are you shaping your vision of what a more mature experience of being a Christian might look like? How are you making sure you grown into that vision?

When Church is Beautiful...

Having been welcomed as a genuine pilgrim, Christian is introduced to Prudence, Piety and Charity (and 'many others’ who welcome him but who aren’t named). Bunyan is giving us insight into the life of a local congregation, ‘built by the Lord … for the relief and security of pilgrims’. This shouldn’t be overlooked. So many have made shipwreck of their faith because they never grasped the importance of their engagement in the local fellowship of believers. When someone says they are a Christian, but they aren’t consistently and regularly involved in the worship and mission of a local Church, we have good grounds for scepticism. They might be a seeker, someone interested in, curious about, or even intrigued by the Gospel, but they have yet to be saved through it. To be a Christian is to be in the Church. As Cyprian, a north-African Bishop in the early third century wrote: No-one can have God as their Father, who will not have the Church as their mother.

While waiting for supper there is a very deliberate discourse. Piety, Pridence and Charity lead and shape the conversation, and Bunyan is teaching us two critical lessons.

The first is about the value of our testimony to others. As Christian shares the story of how he began his pilgrimage, what he has learned in that pilgrimage, and the dangers and distraction he has overcome, he is an encouragement to others. This is a rebuke to any ego-centric view of Church involvement. So many make their decisions about which Church to go to, and indeed whether to go to Church at all, based on the perception of how it will benefit them… ‘What do I get out of this?’. This is deeply un-Christian, and betrays a shocking degree of spiritual immaturity, and possibluy a lack of salvation entirely. Or in Bunyan’s turn of phrase, a lack of ‘piety’. The Church benefits from the meaningful engagement of pilgrims: ‘since we have been so loving to you, to receive you into our house this night, let us, if perhaps we may better ourselves thereby, talk with you of all the things that have happened to you in your pilgrimage’. Christian becomes a source of blessing and encouragement to others as he shares with them his history of God’s dealing with him in His grace.

But as Prudence takes up the reigns, the conversation strikes a more reflective note. Christian isn’t simply telling his story, he is being invited to consider his inner motivations and struggles. In sharing his own experiences, he finds himself questioning, meditating, turning over in his mind not just what has happened, but why… He finds that he is gaining a deepening insight into God’s dealings with him, and that his heart’s desires are being increasingly re-oriented towards Christ and his future hope, Mount Zion. He formulates strategies and ways of structuring his life that will guard him in the future.

But Charity will not allow this to simply be an introspective process. Christian’s love for God cannot be forged in isolation from his love for others. And love for others finds expression in evangelism. We cannot really say we love others if we aren’t sharing Christ with them! Bunyan holds out a model of praying for and pleading with those we love and care for. This is very different from the attitude many today take. Parents who expect to shape their children in every aspect of their lives, decide to allow their children to make their own decisions about Christ when they are older. Many live in families with non-Christians day after day and never speak of Christ for fear that it would jeopardise their relationships. Many of those we work with and share life with would be surprised to discover we were Christians. Charity would never let this be! ‘Why did you not bring them along with you… you should have talked to them, and endeavoured to have shown them the danger of being behind… did you pray that God would bless your counsel…did you tell them of your own sorrow nad fear of destruction… But did you not, with your vain life, damp all that you by words used by way of persuasion…’? A better training course in evangelism would be hard to find! Charity demands that our whole life, our speaking and behaviour, our prayers, our efforts should all be directed towards this one great act of love: bringing others with us to Zion.

And so it is that as Chrisitan seeks to be a blessing to others in his Church, so he is taught, challenged, inspried, rebuked and encouraged by his Church. He in turn is blessed, and strengthened in his own faith, his own pilgrimage. Such are the dynamics of a Church which has Watchful for a pastor, where Discretion admits the faithful, where Piety, Prudence and Charity shape the conversation.

Questions to ponder:

How often do you have these kinds of conversations with others at MIE? Why do you think they are so rare? How could you make sure that they became more frequent?

What role do you see your involvement in Church having in your spiritual growth and Christian maturity? …and what role do you see your involvement in Church having in the spiritual growth of others?

How would you counsel someone who said they were a Christian but who didn’t really go to Church regularly? …or who kept missing Church because of other demands on their time? …or who was content to ‘watch’ Church online?